{
  "count": 15,
  "interventions": [
    {
      "id": "int_smc",
      "name": "Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC)",
      "aliases": [
        "SMC"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_malaria",
        "cause_global_health_life_saving"
      ],
      "mechanism": "Preventive antimalarial medicine for children during high-transmission months.",
      "target_population": "Children ~3-59 months in seasonal malaria areas",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "child treated with full course",
          "unit": "child_course"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "mortality_reduction",
        "morbidity_reduction"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "exceptionally_strong",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "GiveWell 2022-2024 avg ~$4000/life; ~$7/child (Malaria Consortium).",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://www.givewell.org/charities/malaria-consortium",
        "https://www.givewell.org/charities/top-charities",
        "https://www.givewell.org/impact-estimates"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "Level of malaria mortality in areas where GiveWell supports SMC (GiveWell MC review).",
        "Whether SMC campaigns would be funded by other malaria funders in GiveWell\u2019s absence (GiveWell MC review).",
        "Some discrepancies between post-round and post-cycle coverage surveys; reliance on caregiver self-report (GiveWell MC review)."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": "GiveWell discusses uncertainty about other funders replacing SMC support; MC shares funding-landscape information used in other-actors adjustments (GiveWell MC review).",
      "evidence_notes": "GiveWell rates SMC evidence as exceptionally strong; Malaria Consortium coverage surveys generally find high reach (MC SMC review; Top Charities page).",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    },
    {
      "id": "int_itn",
      "name": "Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs)",
      "aliases": [
        "bed nets",
        "LLIN"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_malaria",
        "cause_global_health_life_saving"
      ],
      "mechanism": "Distribute long-lasting insecticide-treated nets.",
      "target_population": "Households in malaria-endemic regions",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "net delivered",
          "unit": "net"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "mortality_reduction",
        "morbidity_reduction"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "exceptionally_strong",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "GiveWell 2022-2024 avg ~$5500/life; ~$6/net (AMF).",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://www.givewell.org/charities/amf",
        "https://www.givewell.org/charities/top-charities"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "Duration of protection from ITNs and insecticide resistance in GiveWell-funded locations (GiveWell AMF review).",
        "Uncertainty about AMF post-distribution monitoring correspondence and net durability vs independent literature (GiveWell AMF review).",
        "Limited published data on other funders\u2019 non-net costs for AMF-supported campaigns (GiveWell AMF review)."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": "GiveWell adjusts for the chance other malaria funders would fill ITN gaps without AMF; AMF tracks Global Fund/PMI spending to assess genuine gaps (GiveWell AMF review).",
      "evidence_notes": "GiveWell rates evidence of impact for mass ITN distribution as exceptionally strong; many high-quality studies consistently find strong impact (AMF review; Top Charities page).",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    },
    {
      "id": "int_vas",
      "name": "Vitamin A supplementation",
      "aliases": [
        "VAS"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_nutrition",
        "cause_global_health_life_saving"
      ],
      "mechanism": "Periodic vitamin A for children under 5.",
      "target_population": "Children under 5 at risk of VAD",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "child supplemented one year",
          "unit": "child_year"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "mortality_reduction"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "very_strong",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "GiveWell 2022-2024 avg ~$3500/life; ~$2/child-year (Helen Keller Intl).",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://www.givewell.org/charities/helen-keller-international",
        "https://www.givewell.org/charities/top-charities"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "Whether VAS remains as effective amid improved child health since older trials; some studies find small/no effects (GiveWell HKI review).",
        "Coverage surveys often cover only one campaign round / selected districts; potential non-representativeness (GiveWell HKI review).",
        "Wide variation / possible incomplete other-actor costs in some countries (GiveWell HKI review)."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": "GiveWell roughly estimates ~20\u201345% chance (by country) Helen Keller VAS funding would be replaced by other actors; adjusts CE downward accordingly (GiveWell HKI review).",
      "evidence_notes": "GiveWell rates VAS evidence as very strong; many high-quality studies show impact though results vary by study (HKI review; Top Charities page).",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    },
    {
      "id": "int_cci",
      "name": "Conditional cash incentives for immunization",
      "aliases": [
        "vaccination incentives"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_immunization",
        "cause_global_health_life_saving"
      ],
      "mechanism": "Cash transfers for completing routine infant vaccinations.",
      "target_population": "Infants/caregivers Northern Nigeria",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "additional infant vaccinated",
          "unit": "infant"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "mortality_reduction"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "exceptionally_strong",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "GiveWell 2022-2024 avg ~$4500/life; ~$146/infant (New Incentives).",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://www.givewell.org/charities/new-incentives",
        "https://www.givewell.org/charities/top-charities"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "Whether vaccine efficacy is lower in Nigeria than in other evidence settings (GiveWell NI review).",
        "Accounting for vaccination-rate increases that would have occurred anyway (GiveWell NI review).",
        "Fraud risk inherent to cash-handling programs; some federal-government opposition to the model (GiveWell NI review).",
        "Rising vaccine stockouts for some indirectly incentivized vaccines as program scaled (GiveWell NI review)."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": "Program operates in government clinics; GiveWell discusses displacement/supply-side risks and government relationships in the New Incentives review.",
      "evidence_notes": "GiveWell rates evidence as exceptionally strong based on an RCT of New Incentives\u2019 program plus ongoing monitoring (New Incentives review; Top Charities page).",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    },
    {
      "id": "int_group_ipt",
      "name": "Lay group interpersonal psychotherapy",
      "aliases": [
        "group IPT"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_mental_health_lmic",
        "cause_global_health_wellbeing"
      ],
      "mechanism": "Group psychotherapy by trained lay counselors.",
      "target_population": "People with depression in Uganda/Zambia etc.",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "person treated",
          "unit": "person"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "wellbeing"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "strong",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "HLI StrongMinds ~40.37 WELLBYs/$1000; ~$24.77/WELLBY.",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/strongminds-comprehensive-summary/",
        "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/charities/"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "Limited relevance of Baird et al. RCT to StrongMinds\u2019 current adult partner-delivered model (HLI StrongMinds summary FAQ).",
        "M&E pre-post uses synthetic control; potential substantial bias (HLI StrongMinds summary).",
        "Publication bias and inconsistency in general psychotherapy literature (HLI StrongMinds summary)."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": "HLI reports StrongMinds funding gaps for 2025\u20132026; figures are organization fundraising targets, not GiveWell-style fungibility adjustments (HLI StrongMinds summary).",
      "evidence_notes": "HLI rates quality of evidence low\u2013moderate (GRADE-adapted): meta-analysis of 84 psychotherapy RCTs, one StrongMinds-related RCT (limited relevance), and M&E pre-post data (HLI StrongMinds summary).",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    },
    {
      "id": "int_friendship_bench",
      "name": "Problem-solving therapy (Friendship Bench)",
      "aliases": [
        "Friendship Bench"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_mental_health_lmic",
        "cause_global_health_wellbeing"
      ],
      "mechanism": "One-to-one lay problem-solving therapy.",
      "target_population": "People needing support in Zimbabwe",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "person treated",
          "unit": "person"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "wellbeing"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "strong",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "HLI ~48.52 WELLBYs/$1000; ~$20.61/WELLBY.",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/friendship-bench-comprehensive-summary/",
        "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/charities/"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "FB RCTs: some/high risk of bias in half of studies; moderate imprecision/inconsistency (HLI Friendship Bench summary).",
        "M&E synthetic control provides limited information; potential substantial bias (HLI Friendship Bench summary).",
        "Future research could update evaluation (HLI Friendship Bench summary conclusion)."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": "HLI reports Friendship Bench funding gap for 2025\u20132026 including USAID cut impacts; not a formal fungibility model (HLI Friendship Bench summary).",
      "evidence_notes": "HLI rates quality of evidence low\u2013moderate: meta-analysis plus four Friendship Bench RCTs and M&E pre-post (HLI Friendship Bench summary).",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    },
    {
      "id": "int_lead_reduction",
      "name": "Lead exposure reduction",
      "aliases": [
        "lead remediation"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_lead_pollution",
        "cause_global_health_wellbeing"
      ],
      "mechanism": "Reduce lead in products/environments via policy and market work.",
      "target_population": "Lead-exposed populations (HLI: cosmetics Ghana)",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "exposure reduction",
          "unit": "person_exposure"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "wellbeing",
        "cognition"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "moderate",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "HLI Pure Earth ~105.43 WELLBYs/$1000; ~$9.49/WELLBY (higher uncertainty).",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/pure-earth-summary/",
        "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/charities/"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "Higher uncertainty than Top Charities; medium depth (~200 hours / ~60% of useful research) (HLI charities page).",
        "Advocacy success probability uncertain; outcome may be success, failure, or in-between (HLI Pure Earth report framing).",
        "HLI notes CE estimates often fall under further scrutiny for Promising Charities (HLI charities page)."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": "HLI funding for Pure Earth via Happier Lives Fund is restricted to the Ghana cosmetics programme (HLI HLF disbursement posts).",
      "evidence_notes": "HLI Promising Charity; analysis rests on correlational lead\u2013wellbeing studies, exposure modelling, and track-record-based success prediction (HLI charities page / Pure Earth summary).",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    },
    {
      "id": "int_cmat",
      "name": "Community management of acute malnutrition",
      "aliases": [
        "CMAM",
        "RUTF"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_nutrition",
        "cause_global_health_wellbeing"
      ],
      "mechanism": "Treat acute malnutrition with therapeutic foods.",
      "target_population": "Acutely malnourished children",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "child treated",
          "unit": "child"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "mortality_reduction",
        "wellbeing"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "moderate",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "HLI Taimaka ~66 WELLBYs/$1000; ~$15.15/WELLBY; ~$87/child.",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/taimaka-summary/",
        "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/charities/"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "HLI describes CE estimate as extremely speculative; medium depth (HLI Taimaka summary / charities page).",
        "Long-term wellbeing effects of treating malnutrition less directly measured than mortality (HLI Taimaka evaluation framing).",
        "Estimates may move with further scrutiny (HLI charities page on Promising Charities)."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": "HLI reports Taimaka funding gaps; unrestricted HLF funding noted in disbursement posts (HLI).",
      "evidence_notes": "HLI Promising Charity; rests on meta-analysis of similar nutritional supplements, one related RCT, and famine natural studies (HLI charities page / Taimaka summary).",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    },
    {
      "id": "int_cash",
      "name": "Unconditional cash transfers",
      "aliases": [
        "UCT"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_cash_transfers"
      ],
      "mechanism": "Transfer cash to people in poverty.",
      "target_population": "Poor households",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "transfer",
          "unit": "USD_transfer"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "income",
        "wellbeing"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "strong",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "HLI benchmark ~7.55 WELLBYs/$1000 for GiveDirectly.",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/charities/"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "Cash is a less tailored intervention than therapy/nutrition for specific populations (HLI charities FAQ).",
        "Benchmark figures depend on HLI\u2019s cash CEA assumptions and overhead treatment (HLI charities methodology FAQ)."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": "Unconditional cash transfers are typically additional to recipients; HLI treats cash as scalable default benchmark rather than modeling displacement.",
      "evidence_notes": "HLI uses GiveDirectly cash as WELLBY benchmark (~7.55 WELLBYs/$1000 cited on HLI charities page comparison table context).",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    },
    {
      "id": "int_deworming",
      "name": "Mass deworming (MDA)",
      "aliases": [
        "school deworming"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_deworming"
      ],
      "mechanism": "Periodic anthelmintic treatment.",
      "target_population": "School-age children high prevalence",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "child dewormed",
          "unit": "child"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "income",
        "morbidity_reduction"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "moderate",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "Former GiveWell top lineage; Phase 1 $/life null without current cite.",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://www.evidenceaction.org/programs/deworm-the-world",
        "https://www.givewell.org/charities/top-charities"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "Not currently listed among GiveWell Top Charities on the Top Charities page (fetched 2026-10-01).",
        "Long-term income evidence and CE remain contested in the broader literature; do not invent current GiveWell $/life."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": "Deworming often co-funded with governments; without a current GiveWell grant page citation here, fungibility left qualitative.",
      "evidence_notes": "Former GiveWell top-charity lineage via Evidence Action Deworm the World / related programs; Phase 1 left $/life null without a current Top Charities cite.",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    },
    {
      "id": "int_chlorination",
      "name": "Water chlorination (dispensers / in-line)",
      "aliases": [
        "ILC",
        "Dispensers for Safe Water"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_safe_water"
      ],
      "mechanism": "Chlorine at collection or in-line.",
      "target_population": "Shared water points / piped systems",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "person-year protected",
          "unit": "person_year"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "mortality_reduction",
        "morbidity_reduction"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "strong",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "GiveWell funded Evidence Action Safe Water/ILC; $/life null Phase 1.",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://www.givewell.org/research/grants/evidence-action-in-line-chlorination-india-september-2023"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "Not a current GiveWell Top Charity; grant-level evidence only in our corpus.",
        "External validity across water-system types and geographies."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": "Grant-funded incubation/scale; other WASH funders may exist \u2014 cite specific grant pages when claiming displacement.",
      "evidence_notes": "GiveWell has funded Evidence Action Safe Water / in-line chlorination; CE $/life left null in Phase 1 without a Top Charities-style average.",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    },
    {
      "id": "int_iron_fortification",
      "name": "Wheat flour iron fortification",
      "aliases": [
        "atta fortification"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_nutrition"
      ],
      "mechanism": "Fortify staple flour with iron/folic acid/B12.",
      "target_population": "Flour consumers India",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "fortified flour",
          "unit": "metric_ton"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "morbidity_reduction",
        "cognition",
        "wellbeing"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "moderate",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "HLI lists Fortify Health ~2.9x GiveDirectly.",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://www.happierlivesinstitute.org/charities/",
        "https://www.givewell.org/research/incubation-grants/Fortify-Health-expansion-December-2021"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "HLI comparison table figure; depth of Fortify Health WELLBY analysis less than Top Charities.",
        "GiveWell incubation \u2260 current Top Charity designation."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": null,
      "evidence_notes": "HLI lists Fortify Health ~2.9\u00d7 GiveDirectly on charities comparison table; GiveWell incubation grant history exists.",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    },
    {
      "id": "int_syphilis_screen_treat",
      "name": "Syphilis screening and treatment (antenatal)",
      "aliases": [
        "ANC syphilis"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_global_health_life_saving"
      ],
      "mechanism": "Screen/treat syphilis in pregnancy.",
      "target_population": "Pregnant people high-burden settings",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "screened pregnancy",
          "unit": "pregnancy"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "mortality_reduction"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "strong",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "GiveWell grant to Evidence Action; $/life null Phase 1.",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://files.givewell.org/files/metrics/GiveWell_Metrics_Report_2024.pdf"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "No Top Charity average CE in our verified pages; leave numeric CE null if not on primary page."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": null,
      "evidence_notes": "GiveWell grant recipient lineage (Evidence Action); $/life null Phase 1.",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    },
    {
      "id": "int_kangaroo_care",
      "name": "Kangaroo mother care",
      "aliases": [
        "KMC"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_global_health_life_saving"
      ],
      "mechanism": "Skin-to-skin care for low-birth-weight newborns.",
      "target_population": "LBW/preterm newborns",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "mother-infant pair",
          "unit": "pair"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "mortality_reduction"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "moderate",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "GiveWell funded Ansh; CE unverified Phase 1.",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://files.givewell.org/files/metrics/GiveWell_Metrics_Report_2024.pdf"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "CE unverified; rely on grant notes rather than Top Charities table."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": null,
      "evidence_notes": "GiveWell funded Ansh; CE unverified Phase 1.",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    },
    {
      "id": "int_malaria_vaccine_support",
      "name": "Malaria vaccine rollout support",
      "aliases": [
        "RTS,S",
        "R21"
      ],
      "cause_ids": [
        "cause_malaria"
      ],
      "mechanism": "TA for ministries integrating malaria vaccines into EPI.",
      "target_population": "Children in rollout countries",
      "typical_outputs": [
        {
          "output": "doses facilitated",
          "unit": "dose"
        }
      ],
      "primary_outcomes": [
        "mortality_reduction"
      ],
      "evidence_strength": "moderate",
      "cost_effectiveness_notes": "GiveWell example $18.2M to PATH Mar 2024; $/life null.",
      "citation_urls": [
        "https://www.givewell.org/our-giving-funds"
      ],
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-01",
      "key_uncertainties": [
        "TA/rollout support CE not on Top Charities page; leave null."
      ],
      "fungibility_notes": null,
      "evidence_notes": "GiveWell example grant to PATH for malaria vaccine rollout support; $/life null.",
      "live_for_ranking": true,
      "not_for_ranking": false,
      "draft": false
    }
  ],
  "source_artifact": "data/interventions.json",
  "missing": [],
  "filters": {
    "cause_id": null,
    "ids": null,
    "limit": null,
    "limit_applied": null
  },
  "note": "Live intervention catalog from data/interventions.json. Future drafts (not_for_ranking) are excluded from live ranking. ADR 0007 Proposed; mixes_units_in_ranking false. Never invent CE.",
  "mixes_units_in_ranking": false,
  "moral_weights_status": "proposed",
  "methodology_doc": "docs/methodology-ranking.md",
  "methodology_moral_weights": "docs/methodology-moral-weights.md",
  "adr": "docs/adr/0007-cross-cause-moral-weights.md",
  "disclaimer": "Intervention catalog is read-only from data/interventions.json. Future drafts under data/future/ are not live ranking recommendations. Better World never invents numeric cost-effectiveness. ADR 0007 remains Proposed (mixes_units_in_ranking: false). See docs/adr/0007-cross-cause-moral-weights.md.",
  "provenance": {
    "product_version": "0.2.16",
    "data_snapshot_id": "4d4f52c9ad30",
    "generated_at_iso": "2026-10-24T15:28:57Z",
    "mixes_units_in_ranking": false
  }
}